Nhanganyaya yeSwitchgear

Switchgear inoreva seti yakazara yemidziyo yekugovera magetsi yakaunganidzwa kubva kumidziyo yekutanga nemidziyo yechipiri zvichienderana nehurongwa hwakati, iyo inonyanya kushandiswa kudzora nekudzivirira maseketi nemidziyo. Switchgear inogona kukamurwa kuita switchgear ine voltage yakakwira (mhando yakatarwa uye rudzi rwengoro yemaoko) uye switchgear ine voltage yakaderera (mhando yakatarwa uye rudzi rwedhirowa) zvichienderana nemazinga evoltage emitsetse inopinda neinobuda.
Maumbirwo eswitchgear ine voltage yakawanda akafanana, akakamurwa kuva bhazi, circuit breaker room, secondary control room (imba yezviridzwa), uye feeder room. Kazhinji pane simbi yakaparadzaniswa pakati pekamuri rega rega. Switchgear ine voltage shoma inonyanya kurongwa zvichienderana nenzira yekuisa zvikamu.

KYN28A-12 switchgear ine simba repakati yakasungirirwa nemaoko

Kabhineti yekuchinja yeGGD yakaderera voltage yakagadziriswa

Kabhineti yekuchinja-chinja yeMNS ine voltage shoma

Chigadziko chesimbi chinobviswa cheKYN61-40.5 chakavharirwa nesimbi

Kabhineti yekuchinja-chinja yeGCK ine voltage shoma

Zvikamu zvemukati zvinosanganisira: bhazi (bhazi), circuit breaker, conventional relay, mudziyo wekudzivirira relay wakabatanidzwa, mudziyo wekuyera, banga rekuparadzanisa, rambi rekuratidza, banga rekudzika, nezvimwewo.

1. Kabhineti yemagetsi anouya inonziwo kabhineti yemagetsi anogamuchira magetsi. Ichi chishandiso chinoshandiswa kugamuchira simba remagetsi kubva pagrid remagetsi (kubva pamutsetse unouya kuenda kubhawa). Kazhinji ine macircuit breakers, maCT, maPT, mapanga anoparadzanisa nezvimwe zvinhu.

2. Makabati anobuda anonziwo makabati ekudyara kana kuti makabati ekuparadzira magetsi. Aya midziyo inoshandiswa kuparadzira simba remagetsi (kubva kubhazi kuenda kumutsetse wega wega unobuda), uye anowanzo shongedzerwa nemacircuit breakers, maCT, maPT, mapanga ekuzviparadzanisa nezvimwe zvinhu.

3. Kubatana nebhazi
Inonziwo kabhineti yemabhazi. Ichi chishandiso chinoshandiswa kubatanidza zvikamu zviviri zvemabhazi (kubva kubhazi kuenda kubhazi). Kubatanidza bhazi kunowanzo shandiswa muchikamu chimwe chete chebhazi uye masisitimu emabhazi maviri kuti zvizadzise zvinodiwa kana vimbiso yevashandisi pakusarudza nzira dzakasiyana dzekushanda. Kubvisa mutoro wekusarudza kana ukakundikana.

4. Kabhineti yePT cabinet voltage transformer cabinet inowanzoiswa zvakananga pabhawa kuti ione voltage yebhawa uye ione basa rekudzivirira. Isa zvakanyanya PT voltage transformer, banga rekuparadzanisa, fuse uye arrester nezvimwewo mukati.

5. Kabhineti yekuparadzanisa inoshandiswa kuparadzanisa mabhazi kumativi ese kana kuparadzanisa midziyo inogamuchira magetsi kubva kumidziyo inopa magetsi. Inogona kupa nzvimbo inooneka yekugumira kune mushandi kuti aite basa rekugadzirisa nekugadzirisa. Sezvo kabhineti yekuparadzanisa isina kugona kupwanya nekubatidza load current, ngoro yekuparadzanisa haigone kusundidzirwa kana kudhonzwa kana circuit breaker yakabatana nayo yavharwa. Kazhinji, zvinodikanwa kuisa interlock pakati pekubatana kweassistant yecircuit breaker nengoro yekuparadzanisa kudzivirira kusashanda zvakanaka kwemushandi.

6. Kabhineti ye capacitor inonziwo kabhineti ye compensation, iyo inoshandiswa kuvandudza simba re power grid, kana kuti reactive power compensation. Zvikamu zvikuru mapoka ema capacitor banks, switching control loops nema fuses akabatana zvakafanana. Dzivirirai midziyo yemagetsi. Kazhinji yakaiswa pamwe chete ne cabinet iri kuuya, cabinet imwe kana kupfuura inogona kushanda pamwe chete. Mushure mekunge cabinet ye capacitor yabviswa kubva pa power grid, nekuti capacitor bank inotora nguva kuti ipedzise process yekuburitsa, hazvigoneke kubata zvakananga zvikamu zviri mukabhineti, kunyanya capacitor bank; mukati menguva yakati mushure mekunge magetsi adzimwa (zvichienderana ne capacitor bank. Zvinoenderana ne capacitor bank, zvakaita se: 1 miniti), kuvhara zvakare hakubvumirwi kudzivirira kukuvara kwe over-voltage kune capacitor. Paunenge uchiita mabasa e automatic control, teerera pakugoverwa kwakakodzera kwenguva dze switching dzeboka rega rega re capacitor banks kudzivirira kukuvara kune rimwe boka re capacitor nepo mamwe mapoka asingawanzobatidzi nekudzima.

7. Kabhineti yekuyera

Inonyanya kushandiswa pakuyera simba remagetsi (kWh), uye yakakamurwa kuita voltage yakakwira nevoltage yakaderera, inowanzoiswa ne isolation switch, fuse, CT, PT, active watt-hour meter (traditional meter kana digital meter), reactive watt-hour Meters, relay, nezvimwe zvishandiso zvekuwedzera (zvakadai se load monitors, nezvimwewo).
8. Kabhineti yeGIS inonziwo kabhineti yemagetsi yakakomberedzwa, inova musanganiswa wakavharwa wemacircuit breakers, maswichi anoparadzanisa, maswichi ekumisa pasi, CT, PT, ma arresters, busbars, nezvimwewo mugoko resimbi, uyezve gasi rine insulation yakanaka uye arc extinguishing performance (Sulfur hexafluoride SF6 inowanzo shandiswa) senzira yekudzivirira pakati pemaphases neground, yakakodzera magrid emagetsi ane voltage yakawanda uye ane simba rakawanda, anoshandiswa pakugovera nekutonga simba.
9. Kana circuit breaker ichishanda zvakanaka, circuit breaker inenge yakavharwa (kunze kwezvishandiso zvakakosha), uye circuit yakabatana. Pakuita mabasa ekutonga otomatiki kana ekudzivirira, circuit breaker inogona kushandiswa ichidzorwa nemudziyo wekudzivirira wakakwana kuti ityore kana kubatanidza circuit. circuit breaker haingogone kuvhura nekudzima current yemutoro wakajairika chete, asiwo inotsungirira current yemutoro wakajairika kwenguva yakati (kakawanda kana kunyange kagumi kupfuura current yemushandi wakajairika), kutyora current yemudunhu, uye kudimbura circuit nemidziyo zvisina kunaka. Naizvozvo, basa guru recircuit breaker nderekutyora nekugadzira circuit (kusanganisira kutyora nekugadzira current yemudunhu, kutyora current yemudunhu). Nekuti mukutyora nekuvhara circuit, arc inogadzirwa pakati pekubatana kunofamba uye kubatana kwe static kwe circuit breaker. Kuti dzivirire kubatana, kuderedza kurasikirwa kwezvinhu zvekubatana uye kutyora circuit nenzira yakavimbika, matanho anofanirwa kutorwa ekudzima arc nekukurumidza. Chimwe chazvo kushandisa arc extinguishing media dzakasiyana kuzadza dynamic uye static contacts ye circuit breaker. Zvichienderana nemidziyo yakasiyana-siyana yekudzima arc, macircuit breaker anogona kukamurwa kuita: macircuit breaker emafuta (mafuta akawanda, mafuta mashoma), macircuit breaker esulfur hexafluoride (SF6), macircuit breaker evacuum, macircuit breaker emhepo, nezvimwewo. Midziyo mikuru mu switchgear yemagetsi yakakwira neyakaderera yatinowanzo sangana nayo muprojekiti iyi icircuit breaker. Sezvo macontact ekufamba uye asingachinji ecircuit breaker achiwanzo kuputirwa mumudziyo wakazadzwa ne arc extinguishing medium, mamiriro ekuvhura nekuvhara kwecircuit breaker haagone kutongwa zvakananga, kazhinji kuburikidza nemidziyo yekubatsira yecircuit breaker (senge ma opening and closing position pointers). Nezvimwewo) kuti utonge.

10. Banga rekuparadzanisa

Banga rekuparadzanisa (kana chinja chekuparadzanisa) rinogona kuona kubatana kana kupatsanurwa nekuda kwekutyoka kuri pachena. Rinonyanya kushandiswa kupatsanurwa kwesimba remagetsi rine simba guru kuti tambo nemidziyo zvirambe zvichichengetwa zvakachengeteka. Simba remagetsi rinogona kupatsanurwa idiki kwazvo (kazhinji maampere mashoma chete). ). Sezvo pasina mudziyo wekudzima arc wakakosha, haugone kushandiswa kupwanya simba remagetsi nemagetsi anoshanda zvakajairika, uye haubvumirwi kuita basa rekupwanya nekutakura.

11. Fuse

Fuse mudziyo wemagetsi unodzivirira dunhu. Musimboti wayo ndewekuti kana magetsi ari kufamba nefuse asvika kana kupfuura kukosha kwakati kwenguva yakati, kunyunguduka kwayo kunonyunguduka uye kunogura dunhu. Musimboti wayo wekushanda uri nyore, uri nyore kuisa, hauwanzo shandiswa wega, unonyanya kushandiswa kushanda pamwe chete nemimwe midziyo yemagetsi. Hunhu hukuru hwekushanda: Chekutanga, magetsi anofanira kusvika kukosha kwakati, kwakagadzirwa fuse isati yabva mufekitori uye haigone kuchinjwa; chechipiri, nguva yakatarwa inofanira kupfuura mushure mekunge magetsi asvika kukosha kwakati, iyo inogadzirwawo nemugadziri uye haigone kuchinjwa. Asi kune mhando dzakawanda, dzinosanganisira kunonoka kushanda, kukurumidza kushanda, kukurumidza kushanda, nezvimwewo; chechitatu ndechekuti muviri unokuvadzwa mushure mekushanda uye haugone kushandiswazve uye unofanirwa kutsiviwa; kana fuse yakafuridzwa inogona kutongwa nechiratidziro chefuse kana chitarisiko chekunyunguduka; Mafuse anowanzo shandiswa nemachubhu einishuwarenzi ndeemuboka iri remidziyo yemagetsi.

12. Chinjiso chekutakura zvinhu
Chishandiso chekuisa mutoro chine mudziyo uri nyore wekudzima magetsi. Chishandiso chekuisa mutoro kazhinji imhepo, inogona kubatanidza nekupwanya mamwe mafungu emvura uye mafungu emvura, asi haigone kupwanya mafungu emhepo mapfupi uye haigone kushandiswa kucheka zvikanganiso zvemafungu emhepo mapfupi. Saka, hazvibvumirwi kushandisa chishandiso chekuisa mutoro kutsiva chinodzora magetsi; kana chishandiso chekuisa mutoro chichizoshandiswa, chinofanira kushandiswa pamwe chete nefuse yemagetsi ane simba rakawanda yataurwa pamusoro apa (chokwadi, fuse nechishandiso chekuisa mutoro zvinowanzo shandiswa muzvikamu zvekudzivirira overload, Kuti kuderedzwa mutengo weprojekiti). Chishandiso chekuisa mutoro chakafanana nebanga rekuparadzanisa, uye pane mukana wekubvisa magetsi, uye zvinogona kutongwa zviri nyore kana dunhu riri muchimiro chekushanda kana kuti chekudzimwa.

13. Transformer

Muchidimbu, transformer mudziyo unoshandisa nzvimbo dzemagetsi dzinochinjana kuti uwane shanduko yemazinga akasiyana emagetsi (chaizvoizvo kushandurwa kwesimba remagetsi), uye voltage isati yashandurwa uye mushure mekushandurwa haichinji muhuwandu. Zvichienderana nekushandiswa kwayo, inogona kukamurwa kuita mhando dzakawanda, dzakadai semagetsi anochinja, magadzirirwo emagetsi, magadzirirwo emagetsi anogadzirisa magetsi, uye magadzirirwo emagetsi anogadzirisa magetsi, uye magadzirirwo emagetsi anogadzirisa magetsi, nezvimwewo. Chatinowanzo sangana nacho panzvimbo yepurojekiti imagetsi anochinja magetsi.
Mamwe ema parameter makuru ehunyanzvi ane chekuita ne transformer anosanganisira: ①Kugona kwakayerwa: zvinoreva kugona kwakayerwa kwe transformer pasi pemamiriro ekushanda akayerwa (akaenzana neU×I, muKVA); ②Volti yakayerwa: hapana mutoro, yakayerwa kugonga, voltage yeterminal ③Kurasikirwa kweNo-load: Pasi pemamiriro eNo-load, kurasikirwa kwe transformer (inonziwo kurasikirwa kwesimbi); ④No-load current: Pasi pemamiriro eNo-load, current inoyerera kuburikidza ne primary side coil Kukosha; ⑤Kurasikirwa kwe short-circuit: kurasikirwa kunokonzerwa ne rated current padivi rekutanga uye secondary short-circuit (zvikuru kunokonzerwa ne coil resistance); ⑥Pfungwa yekugonga (tap): Kuti zvizadzise zvinodiwa zve power grid operation, high-voltage side ye general transformer Kune ma taps, uye voltage values ​​​​dzema taps aya dzinoratidzwa sechikamu che voltage yakayerwa, iyo inonzi tap voltage. Semuenzaniso, transformer ine voltage yakakura ye10KV ine ±5% yepombi, zvinoreva kuti transformer inogona kushanda pamatanho matatu evoltage: 10.5KV (+5%), 10KV (yakayerwa), 9.5KV (-5%). Kazhinji, huwandu hwepombi (pombi dzepombi) dze transformer yekutapa iri pamutoro hwakanyanya, senge pombi 7 (±3×2.5%) uye pombi 9 (±4×2%). Sezvo kuchinja kwepombi kuchichinja kusingagone kuvimbiswa zvizere, ma transformer ekutapa ari pamutoro kazhinji haagone kushanda panguva imwe chete. ⑦ Active load: mutoro unogadzira simba remuchina kana simba rekupisa musystem yemagetsi. Asi mutoro unodzivisa chete mumutoro unongoshandisa simba rinoshanda chete, senge kupisa kwemagetsi, chitofu chemagetsi, mwenje nezvimwe zvinhu zvemagetsi zvinongoshandisa simba rinoshanda chose. Mutoro wemamota asynchronous nemamota asynchronous unodya simba rinoshanda uye simba rekuita. Pakati pawo, chikamu chinoburitsa simba remuchina nebasa mutoro unoshanda. Mutoro unoshanda unofanira kupihwa nesimba rinoita basa rejenareta. ⑧Mutoro wesimba rinoita basa: chikamu chemutoro wemagetsi usingashande. Simba rinoita basa rinongoshandiswa chete muzvinhu zvinosimudzira simba. Zvakadai se: matransformer, mamota, maair conditioner, mafiriji, nezvimwewo. Saka nepo jenareta ichiburitsa simba rinoita basa, inofanirawo kupa simba rinoita basa. Kana simba rinoita basa risingakwanise kusangana negrid, voltage yesystem inodzikira. Kuti igutse zvinodiwa nevashandisi, muchina unogadzirisa simba unofanirwa kuiswa musubstation kuti uchengetedze kuenzana kwesimba rinoita basa kuitira kuti voltage irambe iripo. ⑨ Nzvimbo yekuchengetedza njodzi: chimwe chezvinhu zvesimba rinoita basa rekuchengetedza musystem yemagetsi. Sezvo michina yekugadzira magetsi ingave nekukundikana kwenguva pfupi kana kusingaperi kunokanganisa magetsi, system inofanira kunge yakashongedzwa nemagetsi akawanda anochengetedza njodzi kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti magetsi akachengeteka. ⑩Kubvisa system: Kuti system isarasike uye kuwedzera tsaona, ichave yakwana Sisitimu yemagetsi yakakamurwa kuita masisitimu akasiyana-siyana asingachashande panguva imwe chete. Mamwe masisitimu emuno anogona kushaikwa kwemagetsi mushure mekubviswa kwe-loading, uye kudzikira kwefrequency nevoltage, saka chikamu chemutoro chinofanira kubviswa kudzivirira kugadzikana kwesisitimu yese kuti isakuvadzwe.