Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pe "high voltage circuit breaker" ne "isolation switch"?

Chinopwanya dunhu remagetsi ane simba guru (kana kuti chinopwanya vhiri remagetsi ane simba guru) ndicho chinhu chikuru chinodzora simba rechiteshi, chine hunhu hwekudzima arc, kana sisitimu ichishanda zvakajairika, inogona kudimbura nekushandisa tambo dzakasiyana dzemagetsi dzisina mutoro nemagetsi; Kana kukanganisa kwaitika musisitimu, iyo nekudzivirira dhiraivha, zvinogona kukurumidza kudimbura dhiraivha remagetsi, kudzivirira kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwetsaona.

Swichi yekudzima haina mudziyo wekudzima arc. Kunyangwe mitemo ichiti inogona kushandiswa kana simba remutoro riri pasi pe5A, kazhinji haishande nemutengo. Zvisinei, swichi yekudzima ine chimiro chakareruka, uye mamiriro ayo ekushanda anogona kuonekwa nekukasira kubva pakuonekwa. Pane nzvimbo iri pachena yekudzima panguva yekugadzirisa.

Circuit breaker iri kushandiswa inonzi "switch", disconnecting switch iri kushandiswa inonzi "knife brake", zvese izvi zvinowanzo shandiswa pamwe chete. Musiyano uripo pakati pe high voltage circuit breaker ne disconnecting switch ndewekuti:

1) Chinovhara dhiraivha yemagetsi akawanda chinogona kutyorwa nemutoro, nechinhu chinodzima chega, asi kugona kwayo kutyorwa kudiki uye kwakaganhurirwa.

2) Swichi yekudzima magetsi ine voltage yakawanda kazhinji haisi yekutyora mutoro, hapana chimiro chekuvhara arc, kunewo swichi yekudzima magetsi ine voltage yakawanda inogona kutyora mutoro, asi chimiro chacho chakasiyana neswichi yekumisa, chiri nyore.

3) Chinovhara magetsi akawanda uye chinobvisa magetsi akawanda zvinogona kukonzera kukuvara kuri pachena. Mazhinji ma "circuit breakers" ane simba rekuzviparadzanisa, uye mamwe ma "circuit breakers" ane simba rekuzviparadzanisa.

4) Chinobvisa magetsi akawanda hachina basa rekudzivirira, dziviriro yechinobvisa magetsi akawanda inowanzo kuve dziviriro yefuse, kungoputsika nekukurumidza uye pamusoro pemagetsi.

5) Kugona kutyoka kwema "high voltage circuit breakers" kunogona kunge kwakanyanya mukugadzirwa. Inonyanya kuvimba ne "current transformer" ine michina yekudzivirira. Inogona kuva ne "short circuit protection", "overload protection", "leave protection" nezvimwe zvinhu.

Kupatsanura nzira dzekushanda kweswitch

1. Kupatsanura kwemuchina wekushanda kweswitch

Iye zvino tava kuona kuti switch inowanzo patsanurwa kuita mafuta akawanda (mhando dzekare, dzava kutoonekwa), mafuta mashoma (mamwe ma user stations achiripo), SF6, vacuum, GIS (midziyo yemagetsi yakasanganiswa) nedzimwe mhando. Izvi zvese zvine chekuita ne arcing medium ye switch. Kune isu, yechipiri, ine chekuita ne operating mechanism ye switch.

Rudzi rwemuchina runogona kukamurwa kuita electromagnetic operation mechanism (yagara iri yekare, kazhinji muoiri kana mafuta mashoma circuit breaker ine izvi); Spring operating mechanism (parizvino ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa, SF6, vacuum, GIS inowanzo shandiswa nemuchina uyu); ABB ichangobva kuunza mhando itsva yepermanent magnet operator (yakadai seVM1 vacuum circuit breaker).

2. Nzira yekushandisa yemagetsi

Maitiro ekushanda kwemagetsi anoshandisa simba remagetsi rinoburitswa nemagetsi anoyerera nepakati pe coil kuti avhare uye adzvanye chitubu cherwendo. Rwendo rwacho runonyanya kushandisa chitubu cherwendo kuti chipe simba.

Saka, rudzi urwu rwekushanda kwemagetsi rwendo rwemagetsi idiki, asi magetsi ekuvhara akakura kwazvo, anogona kusvika anopfuura 100 amperes.

Ndosaka sisitimu yeDC ye substation ichifanira kuvhura nekuvhara bhazi kuti ridzore bhazi. Mota inovhara inopa simba rekuvharisa, uye mota inotonga inopa simba ku control loop.

Bhazi rekuvhara rinorembera zvakananga pabhatiri, voltage yekuvhara ivoltage yebhatiri (kazhinji inenge 240V), kushandiswa kwemhedzisiro yekuburitsa bhatiri kupa simba guru remagetsi pakuvhara, uye voltage yacho yakapinza kwazvo pakuvhara. Uye bhazi rekutonga rinopinda nepakati pesilicon chain step-down uye mama rakabatana pamwe chete (kazhinji rinodzorwa pa220V), kuvhara hakuzokanganisi kugadzikana kwevoltage yebhazi rekutonga. Nekuti current yekuvhara ye electromagnetic operating mechanism yakakura kwazvo, circuit yekuvhara yekudzivirira haisi zvakananga kuburikidza ne coil yekuvhara, asi kuburikidza ne closing contactor. trip circuit yakabatana zvakananga ne trip coil.

Coil yekuvhara contactor inowanzo kuve yemhando yevoltage, kukosha kwekudzivirira kwakakura (K shoma). Kana dziviriro yakabatana nedunhu iri, kungwarira kunofanira kupihwa pakuvharwa kuti kutanga kwakajairika kurambe kuripo. Asi izvi hazvisi dambudziko, rwendo runoramba ruchienderera mberi kuti TBJ itange, saka basa rekudzivirira kusvetuka richiripo. Rudzi urwu rwemuchina rune nguva refu yekuvharwa (120ms~200ms) uye nguva pfupi yekuvhura (60~80ms).

3. Nzira yekushanda yechirimo

Rudzi urwu rwemuchina ndiwo unonyanya kushandiswa pari zvino, kuvhara nekuvhura kwawo kunoenderana nechitubu kuti chipe simba, jira rekusvetuka rinongopa simba rekuburitsa pini yekumira kwechitubu, saka simba rekusvetuka harisi guru. Kuchengetedza simba rechitubu kunomanikidzwa nemota yekuchengetera simba.

Chishandiso chechipiri chekuchengetedza simba rechirimo

Pakushanda kwe elastic, bhazi rekuvharisa rinopa simba kumota yekuchengetera simba, uye magetsi haasi makuru, saka hapana musiyano wakawanda pakati pebhazi rekuvharisa nebhazi rekudzora. Dziviriro nekuenderana kwaro, kazhinji hapana chikonzero chakakosha chekuteerera nzvimbo yacho.

4. Mushandi wemagineti anogara aripo

Chishandiso chemagetsi chinogara kwenguva refu (permanent magnet operator) inzira inoshandiswa neABB kumusika wemuno, yakatanga kushandiswa paVM1 10kV vacuum circuit breaker yayo.

Nheyo yayo yakafanana nerudzi rwe electromagnetic, shaft yekutyaira yakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvemagineti zvinogara zviripo, magineti anogara aripo akatenderedza coil ye electromagnetic.

Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairika, coil yemagetsi haichaji, kana switch yavhurwa kana kuvharwa, nekushandura polarity ye coil uchishandisa magnetic attraction kana repulsion principle, dhiraivha yakavhurika kana kuvharwa.

Kunyangwe magetsi aya asiri madiki, switch yacho "inochengetwa" ne capacitor ine simba guru, iyo inoburitswa kuti ipe magetsi akawanda panguva yekushanda.

Zvakanakira zvemuchina uyu diki, zvikamu zvemuchina zvinotumirwa zvishoma, saka kuvimbika kuri nani pane muchina wekushanda unopfava.

Pamwe chete nemudziyo wedu wekudzivirira, tambo yedu inogumburwa inotyaira solid-state relay inopikisa simba rayo zvakanyanya iyo inoda kuti tiipe pulse yekushanda kwayo.

Saka, chinja, chengeta loop zvechokwadi haigoni kutanga, dziviriro yekusvetuka haizotanga (muchina wacho pachako nekusvetuka).

Zvisinei, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti nekuda kwesimba remagetsi re solid-state relay rakawanda, dhizaini yeTW negative yakabatana ne closing circuit, izvo hazvizokonzere kuti solid-state relay ishande, asi zvinogona kukonzera kuti position relay itadze kutanga nekuda kwesimba rakawandisa remagetsi.

1. Silinda yepamusoro inodziisa (ine kamuri rinodzima mhepo ine vacuum arc)

2. Dzikisa silinda yekudzivirira kupisa

3. Mubato wekuvhura nemaoko

4. Chassis (nzira yekushanda yemagineti inogara iripo)

Transformer yemagetsi

6. Pasi pewaya

7. Transformer yemazuva ano

8. Pamhepo

Mamiriro ezvinhu aya akasangana nawo mumunda, maitiro chaiwo ekuongorora nekugadzirisa anogona kuonekwa muchikamu chenyaya yekugadzirisa dambudziko repepa rino, kune tsananguro dzakadzama.

Kunewo zvigadzirwa zvemagineti echigarire muChina, asi mhando yacho haisati yasvika padanho repamusoro. Mumakore achangopfuura, mhando yacho yave kutengeswa zvishoma nezvishoma. Tichifunga nezvemutengo, magineti echigarire emuno kazhinji haana capacitance, uye magetsi anowanikwa zvakananga nebhazi rinovhara.

Maitiro edu ekushanda anotungamirwa ne "on-off contactor" (inowanzo sarudzwa mhando yemazuva ano), kubata uye anti-jump zvinowanzo tanga.

5.FS mhando ye "switch" nezvimwe

Zvatataura pamusoro apa macircuit breaker (anowanzozivikanwa semaswitch), asi tinogona kusangana nezvinodanwa nevashandisi kuti maFS switch mukuvaka power plant. FS switch ipfupiso ye load switch + fast fuse.

Nekuti switch yacho inodhura zvakanyanya, iyi FS circuit inoshandiswa kuchengetedza mari. Iyo yakajairika current inobviswa ne load switch, uye fault current inobviswa ne quick fuse.

Rudzi urwu rwedunhu rwakajairika muhurongwa hwemagetsi hwe6kV. Dziviriro pamwe chete nedunhu rakadaro inowanzodiwa kudzivirira kugumburwa kana kubvumira kubviswa kwemagetsi nekukurumidza nekunonoka kana simba remagetsi rakakura kupfuura simba remagetsi rinobvumirwa re switch yemagetsi. Vamwe vashandisi vemagetsi vanogona kusada kuchengetedza jira rekubata.

Nekuda kwehunhu husina kunaka hweswitch, assistant contact inogona kunge isiri panzvimbo, uye kana keeping circuit yatanga, inofanira kuvimba nebreaker assistant contact kuti ivhure isati yadzoka, zvikasadaro jump closing current ichawedzerwa kujump closing coil kusvika coil yapera.

Coil yekusvetuka-svetuka yakagadzirirwa kuti ishande kwenguva pfupi. Kana magetsi akawedzerwa kwenguva yakareba, zviri nyore kutsva. Uye zvechokwadi tinoda kuva neholding loop, zvikasadaro zviri nyore kupisa macontacts ekudzivirira.

Ehe, kana mushandisi wemunda akaramba achisimbirira, loop yekubatirira inogonawo kubviswa. Kazhinji, nzira iri nyore ndeyekucheka tambo iri pabhodhi redunhu iyo inochengetedza kubatana kwakajairika kwerelay nemukadzi ane simba rekudzora.

Munzvimbo yekugadzirisa matambudziko, unofanira kungwarira, kana switch operation yakadzimwa uye yakadzimwa, chiratidzo chenzvimbo chadzimwa. (kunze kwe spring haina simba rakachengetwa, uye pani inoratidza spring haina simba rakachengetwa) Simba rekudzora rinofanira kudzimwa nekukasika kudzivirira kupisa switch coil. Iyi ipfungwa huru yekurangarira ipapo ipapo.