Chinosunga Zinc Oxide

Chinosunga Zinc Oxideichinhu chinodzivisa mheninekushanda zvakanaka kwekudzivirira.

IyoChinodzivirira zinki oxidendiyo inodzivirira magetsi akawanda kupfuura mamwe ese pasi rose. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekubatanidzwa kwe azinc oxidemusungwase core resistor disco Izvi zvinobvumira kuvandudzika muhunhu hwe volt-ampere ye resistor disc uye kuwedzera kwe through-current kugona mumamiriro e over-voltage inova kuvandudzika kukuru kana tichienzanisa ne silicon carbide yakajairika.vasungwa.Pasi pemagetsi akajairika ekushanda, simba remagetsi rinopfuura nepa arrester rinongova dhigirii rimwe chete re micro-ampere. Kanamusungwainosangana nemamiriro ezvinhu emagetsi akaenzana, hunhu hwakanaka husina kurongeka hunowedzera simba remagetsi kuburikidza ne.arrester kane zviuru zvakawanda.musungwairi muchimiro chekufambiswa kwesimba uye ichaburitsa simba rakawandisa remagetsi panyika nokudaro ichidzivirira michina yekufambisa simba kubva kumigumisiro yemagetsi akawandisa.

Chinodzivirira zinc oxideimhando itsva ye arrester yakagadzirwa muma1970, iyo inonyanya kuumbwa ne zinc oxide varistor. Varistor yega yega ine voltage yayo yekuchinja (inonzi varistor voltage) kubva panguva yainoitwa. Pasi pe voltage yakajairika yekushanda (ndiko kuti, iri pasi pe varistor voltage), varistor value yakakura kwazvo, iyo yakaenzana nemamiriro e insulation. Asi pasi pe impact voltage (yakakura kupfuura varistor voltage), varistor inoputswa nemutengo wakaderera, iyo yakaenzana nemamiriro e short-circuit. Zvisinei, mushure mekunge varistor yarohwa, inogona kudzorera mamiriro e insulation; Kana voltage iri pamusoro pe varistor yabviswa, inodzokera kumamiriro e high resistance. Naizvozvo, kana zinc oxide arrester yakaiswa patambo yemagetsi, kana mheni ikarova, voltage yakakwira yewave yemheni inoita kuti varistor iputsike, uye magetsi emheni anoyerera nepakati pe varistor achipinda panyika. Voltage iri patambo yemagetsi inogona kudzorwa mukati me range yakachengeteka, kuitira kuchengetedza kuchengetedzeka kwemidziyo yemagetsi.

Zvinhu zvinomwe zvinoumba zinc oxide arrester:

Kukwanisa kuyerera

Izvi zvinonyanya kuratidzwa mukuti mheni inodzivisa mheni ine simba rekubvisa mheni yakawanda, simba remagetsi rinodarika simba uye simba remagetsi rinodarika simba.

Zvimiro zvekudzivirira

Chinovhara zinc oxide chinoshandiswa kuchengetedza marudzi ese emagetsi mumagetsi kubva mukukuvadzwa kwemagetsi akawanda, chine dziviriro yakanaka. Nekuda kwehunhu hwakanaka hwe zinc oxide valve sheet, mazana mashoma ema microamps emagetsi anopfuura pasi pemagetsi akajairika, zviri nyore kugadzira chimiro chisina gap, kuitira kuti chive nehunhu hwekudzivirira kwakanaka, huremu hushoma uye saizi diki. Kana magetsi akawanda akapinda, magetsi anoyerera nepavharuvhu anowedzera nekukurumidza, uye anodzikamisa amplitude yemagetsi akawanda uye anoburitsa simba remagetsi akawanda. Mushure meizvozvo, zinc oxide valve plate inodzorera mamiriro ekudzivirira kwakanyanya kuti system yemagetsi ishande zvakanaka.

Kushanda kwekuisa chisimbiso

Zvikamu zvemagetsi zvinodzivirira mheni zvine mashandiro akanaka ekukwegura, kusimba kwemhepo kwakanaka kwejasi remhando yepamusoro recomposite, uchishandisa kudzora kwekumanikidza kwesealing ring uye coated sealant nezvimwe zviyero, ceramic coat sechinhu chekuvharira, kuve nechokwadi chekuvharira kwakavimbika, kuitira kuti mashandiro emagetsi arambe akagadzikana.

Hunhu hwemakanika

Zvinhu zvitatu zvinotevera zvinonyanya kutariswa: simba rekudengenyeka kwenyika rinofanira kutakura;

Kumanikidzwa kukuru kwemhepo pachinhu chinobata mhepo;

Pamusoro pechinhu chinobata waya pane simba guru rinobvumidzwa.

Nzvimbo yekubvisa utachiona

Chinodzivirira zinc oxide chisina gap chine simba guru rekudzivirira kusvibiswa.

Nharaunda chaiyo yekutsvedza inotsanangurwa nemutemo wenyika ndeiyi: Nzvimbo ine tsvina yepakati nepakati yeClass II: daro chaiyo yekutsvedza 20mm/ kV;

Nzvimbo yekusvibiswa kwakanyanya kweClass III: daro rakati re creepage 25mm/ kV;

Chikamu IV nzvimbo yakasvibiswa zvakanyanya: daro rakasiyana re31mm/kV.

Kuvimbika kwakanyanya pakushanda

Kuvimbika kwekushanda kwenguva refu kunoenderana nemhando yezvigadzirwa uye kusarudzwa kwakakodzera kwezvigadzirwa. Hunhu hwezvigadzirwa zvayo hunonyanya kuenderana nezvinhu zvitatu zvinotevera: kunzwisisa kwechimiro chose chechinhu chinomisa mheni; Hunhu hwevoltammetric uye kuramba kukwegura kwevharuvhu yezinc oxide; Kushanda kwekuvhara kwechinhu chinomisa mheni.

Kushivirira mafrequency esimba

Nekuda kwesimba remagetsi rakadai sekuisa pasi kwechikamu chimwe chete, simba remagetsi rakareba uye kurambwa kwemutoro nezvimwe zvikonzero, zvichakonzera kuwedzera kwesimba remagetsi kana kugadzira simba remagetsi rinodarika mwero, chinodzivirira magetsi chine nguva yakatarwa yekutsungirira kukwira kwesimba remagetsi.

Basa

Rudzi rumwe nerumwe rwechibatiso chine zvarunobatsira uye hunhu hwacho, uye chinofanira kushandiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana kuti chiwane simba rakanaka rekudzivirira kupisa. Pasi pemagetsi akayerwa, chibatiso chakaenzana nechinhu chinodzivirira kupisa uye hachizove nechinokuvadza. Kana paine dambudziko kana voltage yakakwira, chibatiso chemheni chinoshanda uye chinotungamira magetsi pasi kuti chidzivirire michina yemagetsi zvinobudirira.

Kupatsanura

Zvichienderana ne voltage level

Zvibatiso zvezinc oxide zvinoiswa muzvikamu zvitatu zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemagetsi akayerwa uye zvinogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zvitatu:

Chikamu chemagetsi ane simba guru: Chinoreva nhevedzano yezvibatiso zve zinc oxide pamusoro pe66KV, zvinogona kukamurwa kuita magiredhi manomwe: 1000kV, 750kV, 500kV, 330kV, 220kV, 110kV, uye 66kV.

Chikamu chemagetsi epakati: Chinoreva zvigadzirwa zve zinc oxide arrester series zviri pakati pe3kV ne66kV (tisingabatanidzi zvigadzirwa zve66kV series), izvo zvinogona kukamurwa kuita mazinga mana emagetsi: 3kV, 6kV, 10kV, uye 35KV.

Chikamu chemagetsi akaderera: Chinoreva zvigadzirwa zvezinc oxide arrester series zviri pasi pe3KV (kusasanganisa zvigadzirwa zve3kV series), izvo zvinogona kukamurwa kuita mazinga mana emagetsi: 1kV, 0.5kV, 0.38kV, uye 0.22kV.

Zvichienderana nezvinobuda zvezita

Zvichienderana ne "nominal discharge current", zinc oxide arresters dzinogona kukamurwa kuita makirasi mashanu: 20, 10, 5, 2.5, 1.5kA.

Maererano neshandisa

Zvibatiso zveZinc oxide zvinogona kukamurwa kuita mhando nomwe zvichienderana nekushandiswa kwazvo: rudzi rwesystem circuit, rudzi rwesystem power station, rudzi rwesystem distribution, shunt compensation capacitor bank protection type, electrified rail type, motor and motor neutral point type, transformer neutral point type.

Zvichienderana nechimiro

Zvibatiso zvezinc oxide zvinogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zviviri zvichienderana nechimiro chazvo.

Chinodzivirira zinc oxide chinogona kukamurwa kuita magiredhi mana zvichienderana nekushanda kwekudzivirira kusvibiswa. Kirasi ⅰ imhando yakajairika, Kirasi ⅱ inoshandiswa munzvimbo ine kusvibiswa kwepakati (daro rakati re creepage 20mm/KV), Kirasi ⅲ inoshandiswa munzvimbo ine kusvibiswa kwakawanda (daro rakati re creepage 25mm/KV), uye kirasi ⅳ inoshandiswa munzvimbo ine kusvibiswa kwakawanda (daro rakati re creepage 31mm/KV).

Composite coat: Composite coat zinc oxide arrester yakagadzirwa necomposite silicone rabber material sejasi, uye kusarudzwa kwehigh-performance zinc oxide resistance sheet, kushandiswa kwemukati kwechimiro chakakosha, kwakaunganidzwa netekinoroji yepamusoro, kune zvakanakira zviviri zvesilicone rabber material uye zinc oxide resistance sheet. Pamusoro pezvakanakira zvese zveporcelain zinc oxide arrester, zvigadzirwa zvakatevedzana zvine insulation performance yakanaka, high resistance resistance, kuputika-proof performance yakanaka uye diki size, huremu hwakareruka, hapana kugadzirisa, hazvisi nyore kukuvara, kuvimbika sealant, high resistance resistance nezvimwe zvakanakira.

Zvichienderana nekushanda kwechimiro

Chinodzivirira zinc oxide chinogona kukamurwa kuita mhando nhatu zvichienderana nechimiro uye mashandiro: hapana clearance (W), ine series clearance (C), ine parallel clearance (B).

1. Kare, kusarudzwa uye kuipa kwezvidziviriro zvemheni zvaingotarisa chete mazinga ekushanda kwemagetsi akawandisa uye magetsi akawandisa emheni.

Mutemo wenyika unoti voltage ye power supply terminal ye system inofanira kunge yakakwira zvishoma kupfuura K yakapetwa ne nominal voltage (kana rated voltage) Un ye system, kureva kuti, K=Um/Un (Um ndiyo voltage yepamusoro ye system). Kudzivirira kwemidziyo yemagetsi kunofanirwa kukwanisa kushanda kwenguva yakareba pasi pe Un. K ye 220kV uye pasi pe systems i1.15, uye ye 330kV uye pamusoro pe systems, K=1.1. Nheyo dzataurwa pamusoro apa dzinoonekwawo padanho rekutanga re arrester design.

2. Kusarudzwa uye kudiwa kwechibatiso chemheni kuti chive nechokwadi chekuti chinoshanda pasi pesimba remagetsi rinoita chikamu chimwe chete uye kuchengetedzeka kwesimba remagetsi

Kubva pakuona kwekushanda kwakachengeteka, kusarudzwa kwemagetsi akayerwa echibatiso kunofanirawo kutevedzera misimboti inotevera:

(1) Voltage yakayerwa ye zinc oxide arrester inofanira kunge yakakwira kupfuura voltage ye power frequency transient voltage inogona kuoneka painoiswa. Mu neutral grounding system ye 110kV zvichikwira, inogona kusarudzwa zvichienderana nenzira iri pamusoro.

(2) mu 110 kv uye pasi pe neutral indirect grounding system, dhipatimendi remagetsi rinotonga pasi pemamiriro e single-phase grounding inobvumirwa kumhanya kwemaawa maviri, uye dzimwe nguva kunyangwe yakagadzirwa mu intermittent arc grounding overvoltage run anopfuura maawa maviri kuti iwane mhosva, rudzi urwu rwekushanda kwesystem hunhu hwe zinc oxide lightning arrester safe operation pasi pe rated voltage 10 s inotyisidzira zvakanyanya. Uye zinc oxide arrester uye SiC arrester structure, dhizaini yakasiyana (yekupedzisira i gap arc extinction, yekutanga haina gap kana chete separation gap), zvekuti mukuita zinc oxide arrester thermal collapse uye kunyange tsaona dzakakomba dzekuputika. Vakatarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu aya, ma power supply bureaux mazhinji uye electric power design institutes akaisa mhando dzakawanda dze rated voltage values ​​(senge 14.4kV, 14.7kV, nezvimwewo) zvichienderana nemamiriro enzvimbo ye power grid. Mukuyedzwa kwe action load yemapepa akati wandei ehurukuro yenyika, rated voltage tolerance ye10s inowedzerwa kusvika 1.2 ~ 1.3 times, kuitira kuti kuchinjika kwe zinc oxide arrester kune neutral point. sisitimu yekudzika pasi isina kunanga yavandudzwa.

Nekuti voltage yakayerwa ye zinc oxide arrester yakaderera zvakanyanya, arrester ichashanda pasi pe single-phase grounding overvoltage kana kunyange transient overvoltage yakawanda. Dhipatimendi reKuchengetedzwa kweKutarisira neKugadzira reMinistry of Electricity rakaronga kuti arrester igadziriswe zvakare sezvakanyorwa mubulletin yechi17 yekuchengetedza ya30 Gumiguru 1993.

Munguva yekuchinja pakati pekuziviswa nekugadziriswazve kwechiyero chitsva, mitemo inotevera yekugadzira inokurudzirwa yekusarudza voltage yakayerwa uye voltage inoshanda nguva dzose ye zinc oxide arrester mu neutral non-grounded system: voltage yakayerwa i1.2-1.3 times ye reference SiC arrester arc extinguishing voltage design, uye voltage inoshanda nguva dzose ndiyo voltage yepamusoro yekushanda kwesystem.

Nekuti hapana mwero wakabatana wedata rekutanga riri pamusoro apa, pachava nemusiyano pakati pemugadziri wemagetsi anomisa magetsi nemushandisi mukugadzira nekugadzira.

3, shandisa shanduro ya2000 yesarudzo itsva, yakachengeteka uye ine musoro yechokwadi chemheni inodzivisa mheni

MuChina itsva ye2000 (GB11032-2000), sarudzo yevoltage yakayerwa pamusoro pe1.2-1.3 times principle yakaonekwa, asi sarudzo yevoltage inoshanda kwenguva refu ine gadziriro itsva: kubva pakuratidzwa kwehupenyu hwebasa re arrester hwe1.5Un//U1mA sereferensi yekusarudza (dhizaini) voltage inoshanda kwenguva refu ye arrester. Nedanho rekugadzira uye rekugadzira re arrester yemumba, kukosha kwe general i80%, saka voltage inoshanda kwenguva refu inosarudzwa se0.8 times yevoltage yakayerwa. Izvi zvinotsigirwa nenzvimbo diki ye voltammetry curve.

Saka, mukuita, mwero we overvoltage we 1h single-phase grounding operation inofanira kufungwa nezvayo pakuita simulation calculation zvichienderana nemamiriro chaiwo kana kusarudza arrester zvichienderana neruzivo nemaitiro. Zvisinei, kune akawanda rated voltage values ​​akasiyana zvishoma neataurwa pamusoro apa muzvibvumirano zvehunyanzvi zvevashandisi uye kunyangwe mumifananidzo ye power design institutes, izvo zvandinofunga kuti hazvidiwi (zvakadai se 16.5kV uye 16.7kV mu 10kV, nezvimwewo). Chikonzero ndechekuti mukugadzirwa chaiko kwe lightning arrester, rated voltage value mu volt-ampere curve iri munzvimbo diki ye current, iyo iri pasi pe U1mAAC value, kutsvaga musiyano mudiki hakugone kuwanikwa mukugadzirwa chaiko kwe lightning arrester; Pamusoro pezvo, kubva muhurukuro inotevera, zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zve standard itsva yenyika yekusarudza kushandiswa kwakachengeteka pasi pe overvoltage inobvumidzwa (izvi zvinoreva system isina pasi).

4. Sarudzo yesainzi yechinhu chinodzivirira zinc oxide chisina kuvharwa zvichienderana nemutemo mutsva we2000 edition

(1) Voltage yakayerwa inofanira kusarudzwa uye kugadzirwa zvichienderana nehuwandu hwepamusoro hwevoltage yemagetsi inobvumirwa inoshandiswa kumaterminals e arrester, kuitira kuti ikwanise kushanda nemazvo pasi pe transient overvoltage yakatarwa mu action load test yakatarwa. Voltage inoshanda nguva dzose inofanira kusarudzwa kuti ibvumire RMS inogara iripo pakati pematerminals e arrester. Panguva ino, voltage yekuburitsa frequency yesimba inofanira kunge yakakwira zvakakwana kudzivirira kushanda kwe insulation yemidziyo yakachengetedzwa pasi pe overvoltage yekushanda pasina dziviriro uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwebasa, uye mwero chaiwo wechaja uye residual voltage ye zinc oxide arrester yakagadzirwa muChina inofanira kufungwa nezvayo.

(2) Kana voltage yemagetsi ikakwira zvakanyanya kana kuti voltage yekuedza kuputira yemidziyo yakakwira, voltage yepamusoro ye zinc oxide arrester inofanira kusarudzwa. Kusarudzwa kwevoltage yemagetsi inotaridzika inofanira kunge yakaenzana kana kupfuura voltage yakayerwa. Aya mapoinzi maviri muzvinodiwa zveNATIONAL standard matsva anozadzikiswa zviri nani, kuverenga kunotevera kunogonawo kuwanikwa kunosangana nezvinodiwa zve overvoltage. Zvinodiwa zveNational standard, kuve nechokwadi chekuti single-phase grounding operation maawa maviri pasina chiito. Muchiitiko chakakomba, kana single-phase grounding uye load disapproval zvichiitika panguva imwe chete, overvoltage yepamusoro inogoneka inoverengerwa nedzidziso i1.99 times, uye voltage inobvumidzwa yekushanda inoenderera mberi UC (kukosha kunoshanda) ye zinc oxide arrester inosarudzwa seinotevera:

Voltage yakayerwa (Ur≈1.25 UC) yakasarudzwa zvichienderana nechiyero chenyika chekuchaja che0.8, icho chose chakazadzisa zvinodiwa. Kana arc grounding uye resonant overvoltage ine mukana wepamusoro wekubuda zvikashandiswa, voltage yakayerwa inofanira kusangana ne: dzvanya zvakare?=0.8 Sarudza voltage inoshanda nguva dzose, iyo inosanganawo nezvinodiwa.

Mukupfupisa, dambudziko guru rekusarudza arrester nderekuona huwandu hwe overvoltage yenguva pfupi. Zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekuti kushanda kwakachengeteka uye kwakarurama pasi pe overvoltage inoshanda zvakanyanya uye atmospheric overvoltage, uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti valve plate haishande pasi pe overvoltage yenguva pfupi.

Parizvino, kusarudzwa kwemhando uye dhizaini ye arrester kunofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti arrester yepamusoro-soro ye zinc oxide arrester yesystem haishande kana grounding ye2h imwe chete, zvikasadaro zinc oxide arrester ichaonekwa ichidonha kana tsaona yekuputika.

Saka, zvakakodzera kusarudza sisitimu isina madziro zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvitsva.

Asi mumudziyo we capacitor we arc depression coil grounded capacitor, grounding overvoltage ichave yakaderera zvikuru, saka unogona kusarudza yakaderera zvichienderana nekuverenga kwe test rate uye continuous operating voltage kuti ugadzire zinc oxide lightning arrester action pasi pe overvoltage yakaderera, capacitor protection device, asi kana usingade, unogona zvakare kusarudza maererano ne grounding system isina.

Nekuti capacitor pole to ground insulation yakaonekwa kuti inosangana nezvinodiwa zve single-phase grounding kwemaawa maviri.

Ichishanda pamagetsi asingasviki pane akayerwa, arrester haishande uye haizokonzere kukuvara kwemagetsi akawanda kumudziyo we capacitor.

Zvose zviri zviviri, izvi zvinodaro nekuti mavharuvhu evharuvhu e-zinc oxide series asina kucheneswa zvakananga mumutsara, mu zinc oxide lightning arrester resistors haagone kutsungirira kupfuura 1.99 nguva ye overvoltage, inokonzerwa neSiC arcing voltage reference sarudzo ye zinc oxide lightning arrester rated voltage haigone kusangana nezvinodiwa, inosungirwa kukwira kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti arrester yakachengeteka, senge pasina data chaiyo ye simulation,

Kukosha kunokurudzirwa kuri muchimiro chemuyero wenyika kwakakodzera nekuti kunosangana nezvinodiwa zvemuganho.