Unyanzvi hushanu hwekugadzira uye zviratidzo zvehunyanzvi zve sensor

Huwandu hwemasensa huri kuwanda pasi rose nemunzvimbo dzakatipoteredza, zvichipa pasi rose data. Aya masensa anodhura ndiwo anotungamira kukura kweInternet of Things uye shanduko yedhijitari iri kutarisana nenharaunda yedu, asi kubatanidza nekuwana data kubva kumasensa hazviwanzoitika zvakananga kana nyore. Pepa iri richazivisa nezve tekinoroji yesensa, hunyanzvi hwekugadzira hushanu uye mabhizinesi eOEM.

Chekutanga, technical index ndiyo hwaro hwechinangwa chekutsanangura mashandiro echigadzirwa. Nzwisisa zviratidzo zvehunyanzvi, batsira kusarudza nekushandisa chigadzirwa nemazvo. Zviratidzo zvehunyanzvi zve sensor zvakakamurwa kuita zviratidzo zve static uye zviratidzo zve dynamic. Zviratidzo zve static zvinonyanya kuongorora mashandiro e sensor pasi pemamiriro e static invariance, kusanganisira resolution, repeatable, sensitivity, linearity, return error, threshold, creep, stability nezvimwewo. Dynamic index inonyanya kuongorora mashandiro e sensor pasi pemamiriro ekukurumidza kuchinja, kusanganisira frequency response uye step response.

Nekuda kwezviratidzo zvakawanda zvehunyanzvi zve sensor, data rakasiyana-siyana nemabhuku zvinotsanangurwa kubva kumativi akasiyana, kuitira kuti vanhu vakasiyana vave nekunzwisisa kwakasiyana, uye kunyange kusanzwisisana uye kusanzwisisika. Nekuda kweizvi, zviratidzo zvikuru zvehunyanzvi zvinotevera zve sensor zvinotsanangurwa:

1, chisarudzo uye chisarudzo:

Tsanangudzo: Kugadziriswa kunoreva shanduko diki yakayerwa iyo sensor inogona kuona. Kugadziriswa kunoreva chiyero cheKugadziriswa kune kukosha kwakazara kwechikero.

Dudziro 1: Kugadziriswa kwesimba ndicho chiratidzo chikuru chesensa. Chinomiririra kugona kwesensa kusiyanisa zvinhu zvakayerwa. Zvimwe zvirevo zvehunyanzvi zvesensa zvinotsanangurwa maererano nekugadziriswa kwesimba sechikamu chidiki.

Kune masensa nemidziyo ine display yedhijitari, resolution ndiyo inosarudza huwandu hushoma hwemanhamba anofanirwa kuratidzwa. Semuenzaniso, resolution ye electronic digital caliper i0.01mm, uye chikanganiso chechiratidzo i±0.02mm.

Dudziro 2: Resolution inhamba yakakwana ine mayuniti. Semuenzaniso, resolution ye sensor yekupisa i0.1℃, resolution ye sensor yekumhanyisa i0.1g, nezvimwewo.

Dudziro 3: Kugadzirisa pfungwa ine hukama uye yakafanana zvikuru nekugadziriswa, zvose zvichimiririra kugadziriswa kwesensa nekuyera.

Musiyano mukuru ndewekuti resolution inoratidzwa sechikamu cheresolution ye sensor. Inoenderana uye haina saizi. Semuenzaniso, resolution ye sensor yekupisa i0.1℃, huwandu hwakazara i500℃, resolution i0.1/500=0.02%.

2. Kudzokororwa:

Tsanangudzo: Kudzokororwa kwesensa kunoreva mwero wekusiyana pakati pemhedzisiro yekuyera kana kuyerwa kuchidzokororwa kakawanda munzira imwe chete pasi pemamiriro akafanana. Inonziwo repetition error, reproduction error, nezvimwewo.

Dudziro 1: Kudzokororwa kwesensa kunofanirwa kuve mwero wekusiyana pakati pezviyero zvakawanda zvinowanikwa pasi pemamiriro akafanana. Kana mamiriro ekuyera akachinja, kuenzaniswa pakati pemhedzisiro yekuyera kuchanyangarika, izvo zvisingagone kushandiswa sehwaro hwekuongorora kudzokorora.

Dudziro 2: Kudzokororwa kwesensa kunomiririra kupararira nekusarongeka kwemhedzisiro yekuyera kwesensa. Chikonzero chekupararira nekusarongeka kwakadaro ndechekuti kusarongeka kwakasiyana-siyana kunowanzoitika mukati nekunze kwesensa, zvichikonzera kuti mhedzisiro yekupedzisira yekuyera kwesensa iratidze hunhu hwezvinhu zvisingawanzoitika.

Dudziro 3: Kutsauka kwakajairwa kwechinhu chisingawanzoonekwi kunogona kushandiswa sechirevo chehuwandu chinodzokororwa.

Dudziro 4: Kune zviyero zvakadzokororwa kakawanda, kururama kwekuyera kwepamusoro kunogona kuwanikwa kana avhareji yezviyero zvese ikatorwa semhedzisiro yekuyera kwekupedzisira. Nekuti kutsauka kwakajairika kweavhareji kudiki zvakanyanya pane kutsauka kwakajairika kwechiyero chimwe nechimwe.

3. Kurongeka:

Tsanangudzo: Linearity (Linearity) zvinoreva kutsauka kwe sensor input uye output curve kubva pamutsetse wakatwasuka wakakodzera.

Dudziro 1: Hukama hwakakodzera hwe sensor input/output hunofanira kunge hwakatsetseka, uye curve yayo ye input/output inofanira kunge iri mutsetse wakatwasuka (mutsetse mutsvuku uri pamufananidzo uri pazasi).

Zvisinei, sensor chaiyo ine zvikanganiso zvakasiyana-siyana, zvichiita kuti curve chaiyo yekupinda nekubuda isiriyo mutsetse wakatwasuka wakakodzera, asi curve (curve yegirini iri pamufananidzo uri pazasi).

Linearity imhando yemusiyano uripo pakati pecharacteristic curve chaiyo ye sensor ne off-line line, inozivikanwawo se nonlinearity kana nonlinear error.

Dudziro 2: Nekuti musiyano uripo pakati pechiratidzo chechiratidzo chesensor nemutsetse wakakodzera wakasiyana pahukuru hwakasiyana hwekuyera, chiyero chehukuru hwepamusoro hwemusiyano kune huwandu hwakazara chinowanzo shandiswa muhuwandu hwakazara. Zviri pachena kuti, kurongeka kwemutsara ihuwandu hunoenderana.

Dudziro 3: Nekuti mutsetse wakakodzera we sensor hauzivikanwe nemamiriro ezvinhu ekuyera, haugone kuwanikwa. Nekuda kwechikonzero ichi, nzira yekubvumirana inowanzo shandiswa, kureva, uchishandisa zvakananga mhedzisiro yekuyera ye sensor kuverenga mutsetse wekubatanidza uri pedyo nemutsetse wakakodzera. Nzira dzekuverenga dzakananga dzinosanganisira nzira yemutsetse wekupedzisira, nzira yemutsetse wakanakisa, nzira yepakati nepakati nezvimwewo.

4. Kugadzikana:

Tsanangudzo: Kugadzikana kugona kwesensa kuchengetedza mashandiro ayo kwenguva yakati.

Dudziro 1: Kugadzikana ndicho chiratidzo chikuru chekuongorora kana sensor ichishanda zvakanaka munguva yakatarwa. Zvinhu zvinokonzera kusagadzikana kwe sensor zvinosanganisira kudonha kwekushisa uye kusunungurwa kwekushushikana mukati. Saka, zvinobatsira kuwedzera muripo wekupisa uye kurapwa kwekukwegura kuti uvandudze kugadzikana.

Dudziro 2: Kugadzikana kunogona kukamurwa kuva kugadzikana kwenguva pfupi uye kugadzikana kwenguva refu zvichienderana nehurefu hwenguva. Kana nguva yekutarisa iri pfupi zvakanyanya, kugadzikana uye kudzokorora zviri pedyo. Nokudaro, chiratidzo chekugadzikana chinonyanya kuongorora kugadzikana kwenguva refu. Hurefu chaihwo hwenguva, zvichienderana nekushandiswa kwenzvimbo uye zvinodiwa kuti zvionekwe.

Dudziro 3: Zvese zviri zviviri absolute error uye relative error zvinogona kushandiswa pakuratidza huwandu hwe stability index. Semuenzaniso, strain type force sensor ine stability ye0.02%/12h.

5. Kuwanda kwekutora mienzaniso:

Tsanangudzo: Sample Rate inoreva huwandu hwemhedzisiro yekuyera inogona kutorwa ne sensor panguva imwe neimwe.

Dudziro 1: Kuwanda kwesampuli ndicho chiratidzo chakakosha chehunhu hwe sensor, zvichiratidza kugona kwe sensor kupindura nekukurumidza. Kuwanda kwesampuli ndeimwe yezviratidzo zvehunyanzvi zvinofanirwa kutariswa zvizere kana paine shanduko yekukurumidza yekuyera. Zvichienderana nemutemo weShannon wekuenzanisa, kuwanda kwesampuli kwe sensor hakufanirwe kunge kuri pasi pekaviri kupfuura kuwanda kwekuchinja kwekuyerwa.

Dudziro 2: Nekushandiswa kwemafrequencies akasiyana, kururama kwesensa kunosiyanawo zvichienderana. Kazhinji, kana frequency yesampuli yakakwira, kururama kwekuyera kunoderedza.

Kunyatsojeka kwesensa kunowanzo kuwanikwa nekumhanya kwakaderera kwekutora sampuli kana kunyangwe mumamiriro ezvinhu asingachinji. Saka, kunyatsojeka uye kumhanya zvinofanirwa kutariswa pakusarudza masensa.

Mazano mashanu ekugadzira masensa

1. Tanga nechishandiso chebhazi

Danho rekutanga, mainjiniya anofanira kutanga abatanidza sensor kuburikidza nechishandiso chebhazi kuti adzivise zvisingazivikanwi. Chishandiso chebhazi chinobatanidza komputa yega (PC) uye wobva wabatanidza kune sensor's I2C, SPI, kana imwe protocol inobvumira sensor "kutaura". Chishandiso chePC chine chekuita nechishandiso chebhazi chinopa sosi inozivikanwa uye inoshanda yekutumira nekugamuchira data risiri dhiraivha risingazivikanwe, risina kusimbiswa re microcontroller (MCU). Muchirevo cheBus utility, mugadziri anogona kutumira nekugamuchira mameseji kuti anzwisise mashandiro echikamu ichi asati aedza kushanda padanho rakaiswa.

2. Nyora kodhi yekutumira data muPython

Kana mugadziri webhazi aedza kushandisa masensa ebhazi, danho rinotevera nderekunyora kodhi yekushandisa masensa. Pane kusvetukira zvakananga kukodhi ye microcontroller, nyora kodhi yekushandisa muPython. Mazhinji emabhazi anogadzira ma plug-ins uye kodhi yemuenzaniso paanenge achinyora ma script, ayo Python inowanzo tevera.NET imwe yemitauro inowanikwa mu.net. Kunyora maapplication muPython kuri nyore uye nekukurumidza, uye kunopa nzira yekuedza masensa muma application asina kuoma sekuyedza munzvimbo yakavharirwa. Kuva nekodhi yepamusoro kuchaita kuti zvive nyore kune mainjiniya asina kuvharirwa kuti awane ma sensor scripts nematests pasina kutarisirwa ne embedded software engineer.

3. Edza sensor neMicro Python

Chimwe chezvakanakira zvekunyora kodhi yekutanga yeapplication muPython ndechekuti maapplication calls kuBus-utility application Programming interface (API) anogona kuchinjwa zviri nyore nekufonera Micro Python.Micro Python inoshandisa software yakavharirwa panguva chaiyo, ine masensa akawanda ekuti mainjiniya vanzwisise kukosha kwayo. Micro Python inoshandisa Cortex-M4 processor, uye inzvimbo yakanaka yekugadzirisa kodhi yeapplication. Hazvisi nyore chete, hapana chikonzero chekunyora madhiraivha eI2C kana SPI pano, sezvo atove akafukidzwa muMicro Python's function library.

4. Shandisa kodhi yemupi we sensor

Chero kodhi yemuenzaniso inogona "kubviswa" kubva kumugadziri wemasensa, mainjiniya achafanira kufamba rwendo rurefu kuti anzwisise mashandiro anoita sensa. Zvinosuwisa kuti vatengesi vazhinji vemasensa havasi nyanzvi mukugadzira software yakasungirirwa, saka usatarisira kuwana muenzaniso wakagadzirira kugadzirwa wezvivakwa zvakanaka uye runako. Ingoshandisa kodhi yemutengesi, dzidza kuti chikamu ichi chinoshanda sei, uye kunetseka kwekugadzirisa kuchamuka kusvika chabatanidzwa zvakanaka musoftware yakasungirirwa. Inogona kutanga se "spaghetti", asi kushandisa kunzwisisa kwevagadziri mashandiro emasensa avo kuchabatsira kuderedza mavhiki akawanda akaparadzwa chigadzirwa chisati chaburitswa.

5. Shandisa raibhurari yemabasa ekubatanidza sensor

Mikana iripo ndeyekuti, nzira yekutumira data yesensor haisi itsva uye haisati yamboitwa. Maraibhurari anozivikanwa emabasa ese, akadai se "Sensor Fusion function Library" inopihwa nevagadziri vazhinji vemachipisi, anobatsira vagadziri kudzidza nekukurumidza, kana kutopfuura, uye kudzivirira kutenderera kwekuvandudza kana kugadzirisa zvakanyanya dhizaini yechigadzirwa. Masensor mazhinji anogona kubatanidzwa mumhando kana mapoka akajairika, uye marudzi aya kana mapoka aya achagonesa kukura kwakanaka kwemadhiraivha ayo, kana akabatwa nemazvo, anenge ari epasi rose kana kuti asingachashandisikezve. Tsvaga maraibhurari aya emabasa ekubatanidza masensor uye dzidza simba rawo nekushaya simba kwawo.

Kana masensa akabatanidzwa mumasystem akapinzwa mukati, kune nzira dzakawanda dzekubatsira kuvandudza nguva yekugadzira uye nyore kushandisa. Vagadziri havambofi "vakakanganisa" nekudzidza mashandiro anoita masensa kubva padanho repamusoro rekubvisa pakutanga kwekugadzira uye vasati vaabatanidza musystem yedanho repasi. Zvizhinji zvezviwanikwa zviripo nhasi zvichabatsira vagadziri "kutanga kushanda" vasina kutanga kubva pakutanga.