Kuongorora zvikanganiso uye matanho ekudzivirira switchgear

Chii chinonzi switchgear?

Switchgear ine switchgear imwe chete kana kupfuura ine voltage shoma uye ine chekuita nekudzora, kuyerwa, chiratidzo, dziviriro, mitemo nezvimwe zvishandiso, nemugadziri ane basa rekubatanidza zvese zvemagetsi nemakemikari mukati, kuunganidza kwakazara kwezvikamu zvekuvaka pamwe chete. Basa guru reswitch cabinet nderekuvhura nekuvhara, kudzora nekudzivirira michina yemagetsi panguva yekugadzira magetsi, kutumira, kugovera uye kushandura simba remagetsi. Zvikamu zviri muswitch cabinet zvinonyanya kusanganisira circuit breaker, disconnecting switch, load switch, operating mechanism, mutual inductor nezvimwe zvishandiso zvekudzivirira.

Kuongorora zvikanganiso uye matanho ekudzivirira switchgear
Midziyo yeswitchgear ye12 ~ 40.5kV ndiyo yakawanda kwazvo yemidziyo yesubstation mumagetsi. Mumakore achangopfuura, tsaona dzeswitchgear dzave dzichiitika kakawanda, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa kwehupfumi, kufa kwevanhu uye zvimwe zvakaipa munharaunda.
Njodzi yakavanzika yetsaona nezvikanganiso zviri mauri zvinonyanya kutarisa pa wiring mode, internal arc release capacity, internal insulation, heat and anti-mis-lock, nezvimwewo. Kuburikidza nekugadzira nzira dzekudzivisa dzakanangana, huwandu hwe switchgear ne ring network cabinet tsaona hunodzikira zvikuru, uye kuvimbika kwekushanda kwe power network kuri kuvandudzwa zvishoma nezvishoma.

1. Dambudziko rakavanzika mu wiring mode
1.1. Rudzi rweNjodzi Yakavanzika
1.1.1 Chinhu chinobata bhazi muTV cabinet chakabatana zvakananga nebhazi
Zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzirwa, TV ark arrester inofanira kubvumidzwa nebhazi rekubatanidza ngoro yemagetsi, nzvimbo yeTV rack, nzira yekubatanidza uye zvakasiyana-siyana, TV ark arrester kuburikidza nengoro yemagetsi yekuzviparadzanisa yakabatana nebhazi, kana TV repair, away isolation handcar, lightning arrester ichiri kuchajiwa, vashandi vanopinda muwarehouse vanowana njodzi yemagetsi. Iyo arrester iri muTV cabinet inonyanya kuve nemafomu ewiring anotevera, sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 2:

Nzira yekubatanidza switchgear yakavanzwa

1, nzira yekutanga yekubatanidza waya: Chibatiso chemagetsi cheTV neTV zvakaiswa mudura rekumashure, fuse yakaiswa pamotokari, chibatiso chemagetsi chakabatana zvakananga nebhazi, TV kuburikidza neruoko rwekupatsanura uye bhazi rakabatana;
2, nzira yekubatanidza waya yechipiri: Chibatiso chemagetsi chekabhineti yeTV chakaiswa mukamuri rebhazi, chakabatana zvakananga nebhazi, TV nefuse zvakaiswa pamotokari;
3, nzira yekubatanidza waya yechitatu: Chibatiso chemagetsi cheTV chakaiswa chakaparadzana mudura rekumashure kana mudura repamberi, chakabatana zvakananga nebhazi, TV nefuse zvakaiswa pamotokari.
4, nzira yekubatanidza waya yechina: TV nefuse zvakaiswa muchikamu chekabati cheXGN chakatevedzana, chibatiso chakaiswa chakaparadzana mune chimwe chikamu, chakabatana zvakananga nebhazi;
5, nzira yekubatanidza waya yechishanu: chibatiso chemheni, TV nefuse zvakaiswa mudura rekumashure, chibatiso chemheni chakabatana zvakananga nebhazi, TV yakabatana nebhazi kuburikidza nemota yemaoko inobviswa;
6, nzira yekubatanidza waya nhanhatu: chibatiso chemheni, fuse neTV zvakaiswa mumota imwe chete, chibatiso chemheni chakabatana nefuse mushure mechikamu.
Kurongeka uku ndekwewaya dzisina kururama, kana fuse yatyoka painoshanda, michina yacho icharasikirwa nedziviriro yeanobata.

1.1.2 Kabhineti repasi rekabhineti rekuchinja harina kuparadzaniswa zvachose nekabhineti rekumashure
Makabati epasi nemakabati ekumashure emamwe makabati eKYN series switch, akadai semain transformer in-line switch cabinet, female coupling switch cabinet, uye feeder switch cabinet, haana kuparadzaniswa zvachose. Vashandi pavanopinda mumakabati epasi, vanogona kubata bhazi netsaona kana chikamu chiri kurarama checable head, zvichikonzera kuvhunduka kwemagetsi.
Njodzi yakavanzwa haina kuparadzaniswa pakati pekabati repasi nekabati rekumashure rekabati reswitch, sezvakaratidzwa paMufananidzo 3:

Mufananidzo 3 Hapana njodzi yakavanzika iri pakati pekabati repasi nekabati rekumashure rekabati reswitch

1.2, matanho ekudzivirira
Kabhineti yeswitch ine hidden wiring mode inofanira kugadziriswa kamwe chete.
Dhayagiramu yekuchinja kwe wiring mode ye switch cabinet inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 5:

Mufananidzo 5. Dhiyagiramu yekuchinja kwe switchgear wiring mode

1.2.1 Hurongwa hwekugadzirisa hunyanzvi hwekubatanidza waya dzemagetsi mukamuri reTV
1, pane yekutanga yekubatanidza waya, bvisa chinodzivirira mheni chiri mukamuri, NZIRA yekubatanidza waya paTV haina kuchinja, imba yebhazi yekutanga inopinda nepaburi remadziro yakavharwa, chinodzivirira mheni chinoshandurwa kuita mota yekubatanidza fuse iri mumotokari yeruoko, uye chinodzivirira mheni chinoenderana nefuse neTV circuit.
2. Panzira yechipiri yekubatanidza waya, bvisa chinodzivirira mheni mubhazi, fambisa chinodzivirira mheni kumota inofambiswa wochiisa mufuse nemheni, wedzera ndiro yekuisa yebhokisi repasi rekubata, baffle yebhokisi rekubata nevharuvhu, isa TV mubhini rekumashure, woibatanidza nepazasi pekubata kwemota yemaoko inopatsanurwa kuburikidza nelead.
Chirongwa ichi chinogona kushandiswa pamotokari yepakutanga, asiwo chinogona kufunga nezvekutsiva mota itsva yepakutanga.
3. Panzira yekubatanidza waya nhatu, bvisa chinodzivirira mheni chechikamu chekutanga, fambisa chinodzivirira mheni kumota inofambiswa wochiisa mufuse nemheni, vhara gomba remadziro rekamuri rekutanga rebhazi, wedzera ndiro yekuisa yebhokisi repasi rekubata remota yemaoko, baffle yebhokisi rekubata nevharuvhu, isa TV muchikamu chekumashure woibatanidza nechapasi kuburikidza newaya yekutungamira.
Chirongwa ichi chinogona kushandiswa pamotokari yepakutanga, asiwo chinogona kufunga nezvekutsiva mota itsva yepakutanga.

4. Pakugadzirisa waya, bvisa chibatiso mune zvimwe zvikamu zvechikamu, fambisa chibatiso ku fuse ne TV compartmental parts, chibatanidze ne disconnecting switch break, uye chibatanidze pamwe chete ne fuse ne TV circuit.
5, ye "wiring mode" yeshanu, "lightning arrester", "lightning arrester" nzvimbo yekuisa TV isina kuchinja, "lightning arrester lead" yekutanga yakabatana zvakananga ne "isolation" hand car contact", imba yebhazi yekutanga ichipinda nepaburi remadziro.
6. Pamuchina wekubatanidza 6, muchina wekugadzirisa mafambiro unobva pamuchina wekubatanidza usina kukodzera. Kana fuse yangobatanidzwa, mudziyo wacho ucharasikirwa nedziviriro yechinhu chinobata tambo.
Bvisa chinodzivirira mheni uye fuse mumota yepakutanga, chinja nzvimbo yewaya, gadzira chinodzivirira mheni chakabatana nepamusoro pefuse, uye pamwe chete nefuse neTV circuit.

1.2.2 Kudzivirira kana pasina kukwana kwekuparadzanisa kabhineti repasi nekabhineti rekumashure rekabhineti reswitch
Nekuti rudzi urwu rwechigadzirwa chekabhineti yeswitch chakagadzirwa, kana partition plate yakaiswa mukushandurwa, chimiro chemukati chayo uye kugoverwa kwenzvimbo zvichachinjwa, uye mashandiro ekudzivirira kwemukati kwechigadzirwa haagone kuvimbiswa. Saka, zvakakosha kusimbisa kugadziriswa kwemativi etransformer huru ye10kV uye kugadziriswa kweswitch yetransformer huru basa risati raitwa.

2. Kusakwanisa kuburitsa arc mukati memukati kwakakwana
2.1 Mhando dzenjodzi dzakavanda
Mukushanda chaiko, kabhineti yesimbi yakavharwa ine zvikanganiso, pamwe chete nemamiriro ekushanda asina kunaka anokonzerwa nekudzikira kwekushanda kweinsulation kana kusashanda zvakanaka nezvimwe zvikonzero, zvinozokonzera kutadza kwemukati me arc.
Arc inogadzirwa ne short circuit ine tembiricha yakakwira uye simba guru. Arc pachayo iplasma gasi rakareruka kwazvo. Pasi pesimba remagetsi negasi rinopisa, arc inofamba nekumhanya kwakanyanya mukabati uye inokonzera kuwedzera kukuru kwe fault range.
Kugasirwa kwegesi muchiitiko ichi, zvinhu zvinodzivirira kupisa, kunyunguduka kwesimbi, kupisa kwemukati mekabati uye kukwira kwesimba, kana isina kugadzirwa kana kuiswa nzira yekuburitsa simba, kumanikidzwa kukuru kuchaita kuti kabati rizviise mundiro yemumwe munhu, mapuranga emusuwo, mahinji, kushanduka kwemahwindo zvakanyanya uye kutyoka, arc inogadzirwa nekabati yemhepo inopisa zvakanyanya inozviisa munzvimbo yemumwe munhu, zvichikonzera kutsva kwakanyanya kwevashandi vekuchengetedza michina,
Kunyangwe zvinotyisidzira hupenyu.
Parizvino, kune mamwe matambudziko akadai sekuti hapana nzira yekurerutsira kumanikidzwa yakamiswa, nzira yekurerutsira kumanikidzwa isina musoro yakamiswa, kugona kwekuburitsa arc yemukati hakuna kuyedzwa uye kusimbiswa, uye ongororo haina kuoma panguva yekuedzwa.

2.2, matanho ekudzivirira
[Sarudzo] Kushanda kwemukati me Switch cabinet kunofanira kunge kuri padanho reIAC, nguva inobvumidzwa yemukati haifanirwe kunge iri pasi pe 0.5s, test current inoongororwa kuti igare kwenguva pfupi.
Kune zvigadzirwa zvine ratio ye "short circuit breaking current" iri pamusoro pe31.5kA, bvunzo yemukati me "fault arc test" inogona kuitwa zvichienderana ne31.5kA.
[Kugadziriswa] Wedzera kana kushandura nzira yekurerutsira kumanikidzwa, uye ita bvunzo yemukati me arc uye simbisa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvemhando yebvunzo.
[Dziviriro] Kudzvanywa kwakakodzera kwemusiyano mukuru wekudzivirira transformer, kuderedza nguva inoenderera yekukundikana kwearc yekukanganisa.

3, dambudziko rekudzivirira mukati memuviri
3.1 Rudzi rwenjodzi yakavanzika
Mumakore achangopfuura, huwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvemakabati ekuchinja hwakaderedzwa, mashandiro ekudzivirira emakabati akakanganisika, uye zvikanganiso zvakawedzera.
Main performance mu: kukwira daro uye mhepo clearance hazvina kukwana, kunyanya hand cabinet, ikozvino vagadziri vakawanda kuitira kupfupisa saizi ye cabinet, kuderedza zvakanyanya circuit breaker yakaiswa mu cabinet, isolation plug uye daro riri pakati pevhu, asi havana kutora matanho anoshanda ekuona kuti insulation simba;
Maitiro asina kunaka ekubatanidza, nekuda kwekusagadzikana kwekugadzira, chikamu chimwe chete mukabati rekuchinja chinogona kupasa bvunzo yekumanikidzwa, asi kabati rese rekuchinja harigone kupasa mushure mekugadzira;
Kugona kubata hakukwani kana kuti hakukwani kubata zvakanaka, kana kugona kubata kusina kukwana kana kuti kusina kunaka kubata zvakanaka, tembiricha iri kuwedzera, kudzikira kwekushanda kwekudzivirira, zvichikonzera kudonha kwepasi kana kuti kudonha kwechikamu;
Chinhu chinodziya mukati, hita yakavakirwa mukati iri nyore kukuvadza, haigone kushanda zvakajairika, muchiitiko chinodziya mukati mekabati, inoderedza mashandiro ekudzivirira;
Kushanda zvisina kunaka kwekudzivirira kwezvishongedzo zvinotsigira.
Kuti vaderedze mutengo, vamwe vagadziri vanoshandisa zvinhu zvinodzivirira kupisa zvishoma, zvichideredza mashandiro ekuchinja kwekabhineti.

3.2, matanho ekudzivirira
Hatifaniri kutsvaga nzira yekudzikisa switchgear tisingafungi. Tinofanira kutenga switchgear yakakodzera zvichienderana nemamiriro eprojekiti, marongerwo enzvimbo, mashandiro uye kugadziriswa kwayo, kugadziriswa kwemidziyo nezvimwe zvinhu.
Pamidziyo inoshandisa mhepo kana zvinhu zvinodzivirira mhepo senzvimbo inochengetedza mhepo, ukobvu, simba rekugadzira uye kukwegura kwezvinhu zvinodzivirira mvura zvinofanirwa kufungwa nezvazvo, uye mugadziri anofanira kuita bvunzo yekudziya mvura zvichienderana nezvinodiwa;
Pazvinhu zvakaita sechishongo chemadziro chiri mukabhineti yeswitch nekabhineti yeringi, vharuvhu yemakanika, uye kukotama kwebhazi, kana daro rekudzivirira mweya riri pasi pe125mm (12kV) uye 300mm (40.5kV), kondakita inofanira kunge yakashongedzwa nechinhu chinodzivirira.
Matanho akadai sekukwesha nekupukuta anofanira kutorwa kudzivirira kukanganisa kwesimba remagetsi munzvimbo dzine simba remunda, zvakaita semugero wekupinda newokubuda, vharuvhu yemakanika uye kona yebhazi.
Bhawa riri mukabati rinotsigira mimwe michina ine daro rekufamba-famba risingakwanise kusangana nemamiriro ekudzivirira kusvibiswa, senge mabhodhoro eporcelain. Pfapfaidza RTV insulation coating kuti uvandudze mamiriro ehunyanzvi ekushanda kwemidziyo yekare.

4. Kukanganisika kwefivha
4.1 Mhando dzenjodzi dzakavanda
Kubatana kwenzvimbo yekubatanidza neropu kwakashata, kuramba kubatana kunowedzera, dambudziko rekupisa rave pachena, senge kusabatana kwakashata kwekubatana;
Magadzirirwo emhepo inobuda mumakabati ane simbi haana kunaka, mhepo haina kutenderera, kugona kupisa kwakaderera, matambudziko ekupisa mukabati akawanda;
Kuvhara madziro, transformer yemagetsi nezvimwe zvivakwa zvekuisa zvinoumba electromagnetic closed loop, zvichikonzera eddy current, zvichikonzera kusawirirana kwezvinhu, chinhu chikuru chinoita kuti kupisa kuve kwakakomba;
Zvishandiso zvekabhineti zvechivharo chakavharwa zvishoma (transformer yerudzi rwecast type current, transformer yerudzi rwecast type voltage, transformer yerudzi rwedry) dhayamita yewaya yekumonera yakasarudzwa haina kukwana, kudzora maitiro ekukanda hakuna kuoma, kuri nyore kupisa kukuvara.
4.2, matanho ekudzivirira
Simbisa kupisa kwekabhineti yeswitch, uye isa blower ne induced draft fan;
Pamwe chete nekushaikwa kwemagetsi, kumanikidzwa kwekubatana kwemagetsi nemagetsi kunofanira kuongororwa uye kutsiviwa kana zvichidikanwa. Panguva imwe chete, chitubu chekubatana nemagetsi chinofanira kutsiviwa.
Wedzerai tsvakurudzo pamusoro petekinoroji yekuyera tembiricha mukati mekabati, uye shandisai matekinoroji matsva akadai sekuyera tembiricha isina waya kugadzirisa dambudziko rakaoma rekuyera tembiricha.

5, kudzivirira kukanganisa kukiya hakuna kukwana
5.1 Njodzi dzinogona kuitika
Makabati mazhinji eswitch ane mudziyo wekukiya unodzivirira kukanganisa, asi kukiya kwawo kwakazara uye kwemutemo wekudzivirira kukanganisa hakusviki pazvinodiwa.
Chikamu chekabhineti yeswitch ine zvombo chiri pamusuwo wekumashure chinogona kuvhurwa, hapana kukiya kunodzivirira kukanganisa, hapana kuvharika kaviri, inovhurwa mushure mekunge zvikamu zvipenyu zvabatwa zvakananga, uye zvikushi zvacho zvikushi zvakajairika zvehexagonal, zviri nyore kuvhura musuwo mutsaona yemagetsi yekabhineti iri mhenyu;
Chikamu che transformer huru, yechikadzi, TV, transformer nedzimwe switch dzisina grounding switch, mushure mekunge gonhi remakabati rinotevera uye grounding switch risina kuumba mechanical lock, rinogona kubvisa screw rakavhurika zvakananga mushure megonhi, risina kuvharwa kana gonhi rakavharwa, rinogonawo kuvhara simba, zviri nyore kukonzera vashandi vekugadzirisa kuvhura zvisizvo, kupinda mukati memagetsi, tsaona yekuvhunduka kwevashandi;
Zvikamu zvepamusoro nepazasi zvemusuwo wekumashure wemamwe makabati ekuchinja hazvigone kukiyiwa zviri zvega, uye musuwo wepamusoro wakakiyiwa nemusuwo wepazasi.
Kana chinja chekuisa pasi chekunze chavharwa, kiyi yemusuwo wekabati repasi inobviswa, uye musuwo wekabati rekumashure unogona kuvhurwa, zviri nyore kukonzera tsaona yemagetsi.
Zvakadai seKYN28 switchgear;
Mushure mekunge mamwe ma switchgiar handcars adhonzwa, insulation isolation block inogona kusundidzirwa kumusoro zviri nyore. Pasina kudzivirira kukiya netsaona, muviri wakachajwa unobuda pachena, uye vashandi vanowanzo vhura static contact valve baffle yeswitch netsaona, zvichikonzera tsaona yemagetsi.

5.2, matanho ekudzivirira
Nokuti basa rekugadzirisa makabati ekugadzirisa harina kukwana, nekuti kumashure kwemusuwo wekabati kunogona kuvhurwa, uye kuvhurika kunogona kubata zvakananga zvikamu zvekabati rekushandura rine voltage yakawanda, makabati ekugadzirisa akaisirwa padlock yemakabati, gadzirisa chirongwa chekuvhara kombiyuta chekudzivirira kukanganisa;
Isa chivharo pakati pechivharo chepasi negonhi remakabati ekumashure pamakabati echivharo akadai seGG1A neXGN, uye isa mudziyo wekuratidza uripo kuti uvhare mashandiro echivharo chepasi.
Tarisa kuvimbika kwemudziyo wekudzivirira kukanganisa nguva nenguva, uye tarisa mudziyo wekubatanidza pakati pemota neswitch yekumisa, switch yekudzima neswitch yekumisa kana magetsi akundikana.

6, mhedziso
Midziyo yekabhineti yeswitch ndiyo michina inokosha ye substation mu power grid. Kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti inoshanda zvakanaka, kutonga kunofanirwa kusimbiswa muzvinhu zvese zvakaita sekugadzira, zvinhu, maitiro, kuyedza, kusarudza mhando, mashandiro uye kugadzirisa.
Zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira, pamwe chete nemitemo yenyika neyemaindasitiri, zvinoisa pamberi zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi hwekugadzira, kubvisa njodzi dzakavanzika dzemagetsi;
Zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvenyika neindasitiri, pamwe nematanho ekudzivirira tsaona, zvinogadzira zvinodiwa zvakasimba zvemagwaro ekubhidha michina, kudzivirira zvigadzirwa zvisina kukodzera kupinda mukushanda kwenetiweki;
Simbisa kutarisirwa kwekugadzirwa panzvimbo, nyatso cherechedza zvinhu zvakakosha pakugadzirwa uye bvunzo dzefekitori, uye rambidza zvakasimba zvigadzirwa zvisina kukodzera kuti zvibude mufekitori;
Ita zvese zvaunogona kuti utarise kukanganisa kwekabhineti, simbisa kushandiswa kwematanho ekudzivirira tsaona;
Kuvandudza mashandiro ekugadzirisa makabhineti ekuchinja, kusimbisa manejimendi emudziyo wekukiya mapoinzi, kuisa mudziyo wekuratidza mapoinzi aripo, uye kushandira pamwe ne "five prevention" system, kuve nechokwadi chekuti kukiya mapoinzi kwakazara uye kunosungirwa.